Oral Presentation Society for Freshwater Science 2025 Annual Meeting

The salt in our ponds: How does road salt pollution impact urban pond communities? (118655)

Hannah Bodmer 1 2 , Zira MacFarlane 1 2 , Rosalind Murray 1 2 , Shannon McCauley 1 2
  1. Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
  2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Cities in temperate climates use deicing salts to keep roads and sidewalks ice free in winter. Although salt improves public safety, it is also a primary driver of significant increases in urban freshwater salinity in recent decades. Many urban waterbodies already surpass government standards for water quality of 120mg/L (Canada) and 230mg/L (USA) salt, with some stormwater ponds regularly exceeding salt concentrations of 1000mg/L. This salt pollution is harmful for aquatic life and may negatively impact individual survivorship and reproduction, and decrease community diversity and abundance. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) and amphibians are both excellent bioindicator taxa to study the effects of salt pollution on community diversity and habitat selection. Odonata are relatively tolerant of salt pollution, although recent studies suggest road salts may cause sub-lethal effects on physiology that could escalate into community-level disturbances. Similarly, amphibians are commonly found in urban ponds with high salt pollution, but the suitability of these ponds as habitat and for breeding is poorly understood. Our research seeks to better understand the impacts of salt pollution on salinized freshwater communities using experimental ponds. Since 2023, we have regularly sampled five control ponds and five ponds salted at 1000mg/L to reflect salt concentrations regularly found in urban waterbodies. Our pond setup allows us to study the seasonal and long-term impacts of salt pollution on water quality, insect communities, and amphibian reproduction under natural conditions. Our preliminary results suggest that salt pollution alters macroinvertebrate community composition and impairs tadpole survivorship. This research will improve our understanding of the impacts of salt pollution on aquatic communities and inform better conservation and management practices to conserve freshwater biodiversity in the face of urban expansion.