The history of forest research and management in Puerto Rico by the USDA Forest Service is extensive. Mitigation, restoration, and education efforts support the resiliency and health of watersheds in El Yunque National Forest (EYNF, also known as the Luquillo Experimental Forest) by integrating geoscience, engineering, ecology, biology, recreation, and conservation/environmental education to address the effects of landslides, manage invasive species, monitor water quality, and develop educational materials. Initiatives to enhance connectivity for water and aquatic life, and the resiliency of riverine systems to increased flooding, commenced with inventories of river crossing barriers and plans to repair these obstacles. Likewise, EYNF re-initiated its land acquisition program, which protects the Luquillo Mountains and the provision of drinking water to Puerto Rico’s residents.
The International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF) investigates how forests respond to disturbances, as resilient forests contribute to stream flow and watershed stability. Regarding tropical forest management, IITF collaborates in mapping tropical island cloud forests globally to help accurately represent tropical islands for the effective management of their water and forest resources.
IITF leads research that informs planning processes and community engagement in urban environments. In San Juan, IITF has collaborated on long-term, interdisciplinary and actionable research to understand the sustainability and resilience of the Río Piedras watershed. IITF green roofs research has informed the development tropical green roof designs, emphasizing the need for rainwater harvesting systems for urban stormwater management.
Additionally, programs managed by federal and state agencies, alongside non-governmental organizations, conserve forest lands to protect drinking water quality and supply through runoff management, flood risks mitigation, biodiversity and landscape conservation, and opportunities for outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism.
Through these integrated approaches, we strive to enhance the resilience of Puerto Rico's watersheds while ensuring sustainable management of natural resources for the benefit of current and future generations.