Coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes are some of the most biologically diverse ecosystems in North America and can serve as an indicator of overall lake health. Despite their important hydrological and ecological functions, many of these wetlands have been lost or degraded from agricultural and urban development in the surrounding landscape. Invertebrate communities, which are frequently used to indicate ecosystem health, are particularly sensitive to habitat and water quality degradation. Therefore, long term monitoring of invertebrate diversity can inform our understanding of changes in overall ecosystem health. Since 2011, wetlands that are hydrologically connected to the Great Lakes have been sampled annually by the Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Monitoring Program for biota, habitat, and water quality. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the spatial diversity of invertebrate communities in the wetlands using alpha, beta, and gamma diversity and (2) determine proximate and distal drivers of invertebrate diversity using land use and water quality data applied to random forest models. We found that eight vegetation zones comprised 94% of the wetland samples. Alpha diversity (i.e., local species richness) was highest for wet meadow and Typha zones and lowest for lily and Peltandra/Sparganium/Pontedaria (PSP) zones. Beta diversity (i.e., species turnover) was highest between sites with low and high disturbance. Finally, gamma diversity (i.e., total species richness) was highest for Lake Huron and lowest for Lake Erie. The proximate drivers of diversity were specific conductivity, nitrate/nitrite, alkalinity, and dissolved oxygen levels while the distal drivers of diversity were urban development and agricultural land use within 20 km of the wetland. Overall, our results suggest that invertebrate diversity is closely tied to habitat conditions and water quality, both of which are sensitive to land use changes in the Great Lakes region. These results highlight the importance of mitigating the impacts of land use on Great Lakes wetland ecosystems.