Species interactions can have strong effects on communities. For example, non-consumptive effects of stream fish on invertebrate prey include life-history and behavioral responses at the population level that, in combination, affect prey community structure. Most of our understanding of these effects comes from perennial streams, with limited understanding in non-perennial streams. We are studying diverse non-perennial streams of the Ozark Highlands (central USA) to assess whether invertebrate communities respond to fish similarly to predictions from perennial streams. We collect data from two physically similar streams, both of which typically have surface flow from approximately November to May. One connects to a shared mainstem during high-flow events, which allows fish access. The other is continually fishless. We collect 4 replicate Hess samples in an exposed bedrock section and 4 in an alluvial section of both streams (N=16). This strategy is replicated in both February and April, representing two time points well into the flow season when benthic communities are well-developed. We have already collected data from one year, and we are repeating the sampling in 2025 to assess inter-annual variability. At the time of writing, we have completed data processing from the fishless stream for the first sample year, and prey community structure was indistinguishable between alluvial and bedrock sections. By contrast, preliminary results from the fish stream suggest differences in community structure, including greater mayfly abundance in alluvial than bedrock sections. This difference might reflect behavioral response by mayflies to avoid exposed bedrock. Mayflies were also more abundant overall in the fish stream than the fishless stream, which supports a hypothesis that many mayflies have adaptations allowing them to thrive in the presence of fish, despite being common prey. With climate change, many perennial streams are becoming non-perennial, so it is important to understand ecological processes in non-perennial streams.