The Zambezi River, originating from the Kalene Hills and flowing into the Indian Ocean, is a vital lifeline for over 55 million people, diverse wildlife, and rich ecosystems. This river flows through six countries (Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique). The Zambezi River is vital for hydropower generation, agriculture, fishing, and tourism (with the most notable one being the Victoria Falls, one of the seven natural wonders of the world). However, the impacts of climate change have introduced unprecedented uncertainties in water quality and quantity along its course. This presentation explores how shifting precipitation patterns, rising temperatures and extreme weather events are altering the hydrological dynamics of the Zambezi River. It examines the consequences of these changes on human health, animal habitats, and ecosystem resilience, highlighting case studies from key regions along the river's path.
This study presents cases of how climate change has impacted water, energy, food, and One Health (human, animal, and ecosystem health) in communities that depend on the Zambezi River in six countries. The study presents information collected from peer-reviewed articles, reports from governments and international organisations, and media reports.
Furthermore, it discusses adaptive strategies and policy interventions needed to safeguard the river's sustainability amid ongoing climate uncertainties. By addressing these challenges, this study seeks to better understand and mitigate the risks posed to freshwater systems.